Types of Bricks Used in UK Construction | Full Guide 2025

Understanding the Basics of Bricks

What Makes Bricks So Essential in UK Construction?

Bricks are timeless. They’ve been used for centuries across the UK and are still the cornerstone of modern construction. Whether you’re building external walls, internal partitions, or even pizza ovens, there’s a brick type designed to handle the job efficiently and stylishly.

Main Categories of Bricks

Clay Bricks

These are by far the most common in UK housebuilding. Made from natural clay, they offer solid strength, superb thermal conductivity, and excellent weather resistance. They’re also popular for their natural look and colour variations.

Concrete Bricks

A more modern alternative, concrete bricks are made using a mix of cement, sand, and water. Their advantage lies in cost-effectiveness and ease of mass production. However, they might lack the charm of traditional clay options.

Engineering Bricks

Because of their strength and low water absorption, these are ideal for damp-proof courses, retaining walls, and foundations.

Class B Engineering Bricks

These have high compressive strength and are commonly used for structural support. Their dense nature means they can easily withstand high temperatures and moisture.

Blue Engineering Bricks

Highly dense and blue-coloured, these are perfect for damp-prone areas due to their low porosity and heat-resistant properties.

Fire Bricks (Refractory Bricks)

These refractory bricks are ideal for locations exposed to high temperatures, like fireplaces or kilns. They can withstand high temperatures without breaking down.

Facing Bricks

Used where the wall is visible, facing bricks offer structure and style. Aesthetic appeal is key here, making them ideal for front-facing external walls.

Stock Bricks

These are a type of facing brick often found in traditional buildings. Their soft edges and warm colours help match existing brickwork in older properties.

Waterstruck Bricks

Made using water in the moulding process, they have a smooth texture and a rich, traditional finish.

Handmade Bricks and Soft Mud Bricks

Crafted using traditional methods, these bricks have an artisanal touch. Soft mud bricks are known for their irregular shape and authentic finish.

Glazed Bricks

With a ceramic coating, these offer a decorative finish while remaining functional. Ideal for feature walls and stylised facades.

Air Bricks

These holes allow ventilation in cavity walls and beneath floors, helping reduce dampness and improve airflow.

Specialised and Decorative Bricks

Special Shaped Bricks

Not all walls are square. These bricks come in different shapes for architectural features like curves and arches.

DPC Bricks (Damp Proof Courses)

Essential for keeping rising damp at bay, DPC bricks are placed at ground level to prevent moisture from travelling up the brick wall.

Reclaimed Bricks

Sourced from demolition sites, these eco-friendly bricks are perfect to match existing brickwork in heritage sites and renovations.

Application of Bricks in Modern Construction

Internal vs External Walls

Clay bricks and facing bricks are often used externally for strength and appearance. For internal walls, concrete blocks or standard bricks are generally more economical.

Cavity Walls and Retaining Walls

Cavity walls improve insulation and moisture protection. Dense, strong bricks are preferred for retaining walls to handle the pressure of soil.

Ground Level and Damp Proof Considerations

Using the right damp-proof courses and blue engineering bricks at ground level ensures long-term protection from moisture intrusion.

Brick Sizes, Shapes, and Consistency

Standard Brick Size in the UK

The standard brick size in the UK is 215mm x 102.5mm x 65mm. Keeping bricks the same size ensures alignment, efficiency, and a cleaner finish.

Matching Existing Brickwork

It’s vital to match existing brickwork in colour, texture, and size for a perfect match when working on house extensions or refurbishments.

Choosing the Right Brick for the Job

Residential and Commercial Projects

While facing bricks and stock bricks are ideal for homes, engineering bricks and concrete bricks are often better suited for commercial projects due to their high density and durability.

Considerations for Older Properties

Older properties are often restored to their original charm with handmade, soft mud and reclaimed bricks.

Performance Factors in Brick Selection

Structural Integrity and Compressive Strength

Class B engineering bricks are ideal when strength is the top priority. They offer reliability whether you’re building tall walls or structures that bear heavy loads.

Thermal Conductivity and Energy Efficiency

Bricks play a significant role in energy efficiency. Some bricks offer better insulation properties than others, helping keep your home warm in winter and cool in summer.

Weather Resistance and Visual Appeal

Bricks like glazed bricks and blue engineering bricks offer superb resistance to moisture, frost, and other weather conditions, while still being easy on the eyes.

Brick Production and Modern Builds

Mass Production vs Individual Moulds

Concrete bricks are produced in huge volumes to keep costs down, while handmade bricks rely on individual moulds and offer uniqueness and character.

Consistent Appearance vs Traditional Look

Modern mass production ensures a consistent appearance, but if character and charm matter more, waterstruck bricks or soft mud bricks are a better fit.

Conclusion

There’s a brick for every purpose, every look, and every budget. Choosing from the types of bricks used in UK construction doesn’t have to be confusing. Whether you’re building a new home, restoring an old one, or just making a garden wall, knowing your brick types helps ensure your build is strong, attractive, and built to last.

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